本文主要向大家介绍了Oracle数据库之生产环境audit_trail参数作用和问题，通过具体的内容向大家展现，希望对大家学习Oracle数据库有所帮助。

1、audit_trail 默认值
SQL> show parameter audit_trail

NAME                                 TYPE                   VALUE

audit_trail                          string                 DB
SQL>

2、audit_trail静态参数
SQL> show parameter audit_trail

NAME                   TYPE         VALUE

audit_trail                string           DB   
SQL>
SQL> alter system set audit_trail=none scope=both;
alter system set audit_trail=none scope=both
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02095: specified initialization parameter cannot be modified  

SQL> alter system set audit_trail=none scope=spfile;

System altered.

SQL> startup force
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1870647296 bytes
Fixed Size                  2254304 bytes
Variable Size            1207962144 bytes
Database Buffers          654311424 bytes
Redo Buffers                6119424 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> show parameter audit_trail

NAME                                 TYPE                   VALUE

audit_trail                          string                 NONE
SQL>

3、audit_trail 记录数据库访问
在某些场景下，我们会遇到有密码错误连接，可能引起用户被锁，我们可以查看aud$这个基表，看看是那台应用服务器的错误连接，让后让研发去排查。所以我们在修改密码的时候一定要特别的注意，修改密码很简单，但是导致的结果可能非常严重。
新开一个窗口，故意输入错误密码。
<11g-ocp:orcl:/home/oracle>$sqlplus system/oracle1@orcl

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Sat Jan 26 22:50:36 2019

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

ERROR:
ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied

Enter user-name:
ERROR:
ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied

Enter user-name:
ERROR:
ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied

SP2-0157: unable to CONNECT to ORACLE after 3 attempts, exiting SQL*Plus
<11g-ocp:orcl:/home/oracle>$

查看那个用户从那台服务器尝试远程登录
SQL> audit session whenever not successful;

Audit succeeded.

SQL> select userid, userhost, terminal, clientid from aud$ where returncode=1017;
USERID               USERHOST             TERMINAL             CLIENTID

SCOTT                11g-ocp              pts/2
SCOTT                11g-ocp              pts/2
SCOTT                11g-ocp              pts/0
SYSTEM               AD\SY-NB-0023        SY-NB-0023
SYSTEM               11g-ocp              pts/2
SYSTEM               11g-ocp              pts/2
SYSTEM               11g-ocp              pts/2
SYSTEM               11g-ocp              pts/2
SYSTEM               11g-ocp              pts/2

42 rows selected.

SQL>

4、audit_trail默认值DB，可能存在占用system表空间过大问题。
解决方法如下：
col segment_name for a15;
SELECT *
FROM (SELECT SEGMENT_NAME, SUM(BYTES) / 1024 / 1024 MB
FROM DBA_SEGMENTS
WHERE TABLESPACE_NAME = 'SYSTEM'
GROUP BY SEGMENT_NAME
ORDER BY 2 DESC)
WHERE ROWNUM < 10;

SEGMENT_NAME     MB

IDL_UB1$               272
SOURCE$                 72
IDL_UB2$                31
C_TOID_VERSION#         24
I_SOURCE1               13
ARGUMENT$               12
JAVA$MC$                12
C_OBJ#                  12
IDL_CHAR$               11

9 rows selected.  --个人测试环境，aud$没什么记录

SQL>
-- truncate aud$    ###方法1表需要有相关的权限。
SQL> truncate table aud$;
Table truncated
.

###方法2，迁移表空间
col table_name for a20
col tablespace_name for a20
SELECT table_name, tablespace_name FROM dba_tables WHERE table_name IN ('AUD$', 'FGA_LOG$') ORDER BY table_name;

TABLE_NAME      TABLESPACE_NAME

AUD$                 SYSTEM
FGA_LOG$             SYSTEM
SQL> col segment_name for a20
SQL> select segment_name,bytes/1024/1024 size_in_megabytes from dba_segments where segment_name in ('AUD$','FGA_LOG$');

SEGMENT_NAME   SIZE_IN_MEGABYTES

FGA_LOG$                         .0625
AUD$                             .0625

SQL> alter system set db_create_file_dest='+data';
System altered.

SQL> create tablespace audit_tbs datafile  size 100M autoextend on;
Tablespace created.

BEGIN 
DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.SET_AUDIT_TRAIL_LOCATION( 
AUDIT_TRAIL_TYPE => DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.AUDIT_TRAIL_AUD_STD,  
AUDIT_TRAIL_LOCATION_VALUE => 'AUDIT_TBS'); 
END; 
/ 

BEGIN
DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.set_audit_trail_location(
audit_trail_type => DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.AUDIT_TRAIL_FGA_STD,
--this moves table FGA_LOG$
audit_trail_location_value => 'AUDIT_TBS');
END;
/

col table_name for a20
col tablespace_name for a20
SELECT table_name, tablespace_name FROM dba_tables WHERE table_name IN ('AUD$', 'FGA_LOG$') ORDER BY table_name;

TABLE_NAME       TABLESPACE_NAME

AUD$                 AUDIT_TBS
FGA_LOG$             AUDIT_TBS

col index_name for a30
col table_name for a10
col tablespace_name for a20
set lines 120
select di.table_name, di.index_name,di.TABLESPACE_NAME from dba_indexes di where di.table_name='AUD$';

TABLE_NAME    INDEX_NAME           TABLESPACE_NAME

AUD$       SYS_IL0000000407C00040$$       AUDIT_TBS
AUD$       SYS_IL0000000407C00041$$       AUDIT_TBS

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